Half of U.S. Protestant pastors say a Christmas Eve service is their churches’ largest event during the holiday season.
By Aaron Earls
NASHVILLE, Tenn. — At a previous church, John Dobbs had to take down the wreaths from the front door of the church building after some members objected to the holiday display. Now pastor at Forsythe Church of Christ in Monroe, Louisiana, Dobbs said they have Christmas trees on stage, sing carols during worship this time of the year and, like many other churches across the country, have a well-attended Christmas Eve service.
Half of U.S. Protestant pastors (48%) say a Christmas Eve service is their churches’ largest event during the holiday season, according to a Lifeway Research study. The frequency of the highest attendance events builds up to Christmas Eve and then tapers off into January.
Half of U.S. Protestant pastors (48%) say a Christmas Eve service is their churches’ largest event during the holiday season. Share on X“Christians have many different Christmas traditions, and so do their churches,” said Scott McConnell, executive director of Lifeway Research. “Family and church traditions are most likely to coincide for Christmas Eve services, but many evangelical churches see the highest holiday attendance earlier in December.”
Dobbs said their church holds a children’s program on Christmas Eve, which is their most popular Christmastime service. Previously, Forsythe didn’t have many children, but they’ve grown to around 20 children under 12. This growth has enabled the church to add the Christmas Eve children’s event. “Since it involves very young children, it’s a fun production of songs and readings that center on the birth of Christ,” Dobbs said. “We had a large number of grandparents, parents and various family members who came last year to see the children participate.”
Few U.S. Protestant pastors point to an event the first week of December or earlier (6%) or a service during the second week (10%) as their most well-attended. Around a quarter (26%) say an event during the third week of the month is top. After Christmas Eve, few see their largest crowds either on Christmas Day (7%) or an event during the first week of January (5%).
While it may not be true for most congregations, early December is the high-water mark for Christmas season attendance at Harrisburg Baptist Church in Tupelo, Mississippi. Senior pastor Rob Armstrong said attendance starts off strong in December, with their Sunday services the first two weeks of the month being their most attended events. “Excitement about the Christmas season feeds into the higher attendance in the first few weeks of the month,” he said.
Traditionally, Christmas is the second highest attendance time of the year for churches behind only Easter. Share on XThe Christmas season is a prime season for church attendance. Traditionally, Christmas is the second highest attendance time of the year behind only Easter, according to a 2012 Lifeway Research study. In 2014, more than 3 in 5 Americans (63%) said Christmas activities should include a visit to a church service, according to Lifeway Research. In 2015, Lifeway Research found a similar percentage (61%) said they typically attend church during Christmastime. Even among those who don’t attend church this time of the year, 57% said they would be likely to attend if someone they knew asked them.
Seasonal differences
High-attendance events during the Christmas season vary from church to church. Pastors in the South (39%) are least likely to say Christmas Eve. Pastors at congregations of fewer than 50 (19%) are the least likely to say they have the most people attend an event during the third week of December.
Mainline pastors are more likely than their evangelical counterparts to say their most attended service is on Christmas Eve (60% v. 44%), while evangelical pastors are more likely than mainline ministers to say their highest attendance event is during the third week of December (30% v. 17%).
Denominationally, some churches fare better earlier in the month, while others see their crowds grow as the season wears on.
Pentecostal (18%) and Baptist (15%) pastors are more likely than Methodist (3%), Restorationist Movement (2%) and Lutheran (1%) pastors to have their highest attendance during the second week of December.
For the third week, Pentecostals (45%), Restorationist Movement pastors (37%) and Baptists (35%) are more likely than Presbyterian/Reformed (20%), non-denominational (17%), Methodist (13%) and Lutheran (7%) pastors to have the largest crowd of the season.
Lutherans (84%) are the most likely to say their high-attendance event this season happens on Christmas Eve.
Lutherans (84%) are the most likely to say their high-attendance event in December happens on Christmas Eve. Restorationist Movement churches (21%) are the most likely to point to an event the first week of January. Share on XRestorationist Movement churches are unique in that 1 in 5 (21%) say their most popular service is an event the first week of January, the most of any denominational grouping. Dobbs says there is a resistance to celebrating Christmas among the autonomous Christian and Church of Christ congregations. “That is based on the truth that we are never actually told in Scripture to celebrate the birth of Christ,” he said. “In addition, if we were to celebrate during a particular season, He almost certainly wasn’t born in December and surely not on December 25.”
Still, Dobbs noted that pastors and churchgoers have diverse opinions on how to approach the Christmas holiday. “Churches of Christ are a pretty autonomous group,” he said, “the diversity is both amazing and mystifying.”
While many Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas in January, the first part of the year also provides a natural time of reflection and focus for many congregations. “Given the aversion to holidays among many traditional and conservative churches, a day of renewal and beginning again becomes a day of emphasis and engagement,” Dobbs said.
At Harrisburg Baptist, attendance on the Sundays closest to Christmas and New Year’s Day are some of the lowest attended of the season, according to Armstrong, as many are out of town visiting family. Despite what may be smaller crowds, he still believes churches should gather on those days. “Churches should have worship on Christmas Day or any Sunday close to it,” he said. “It’s OK to have low attendance on those days because people travel.”
“Pastors are always eager to see people attending church services, and the Christmas season is one time of year they get to see most of their congregation as well as visitors,” McConnell said. “But the nature of those traditions varies by church with some seeing attendance culminating in a special Christmas Eve service, others a Sunday morning service and others a special musical experience.”
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Lifeway Research studies can be used and referenced in news articles freely. This news release can also be republished in its entirety on other websites and in other publications without obtaining permission.
Methodology
The phone survey of 1,000 Protestant pastors was conducted by Lifeway Research Sept. 6-30, 2022. The calling list was a stratified random sample, drawn from a list of all Protestant churches. Quotas were used for church size. Each interview was conducted with the senior pastor, minister or priest at the church. Responses were weighted by region and church size to reflect the population more accurately. The completed sample is 1,000 surveys. The sample provides 95% confidence that the sampling error does not exceed plus or minus 3.2%. This margin of error accounts for the effect of weighting. Margins of error are higher in sub-groups. Comparisons are made to a phone survey of 1,000 Protestant pastors conducted August 22-September 16, 2016.
